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The Iran-Iraq war / Pierre Razoux ; translated by Nicholas Elliott.

by Razoux, Pierre, author.

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Cambridge, Massachusetts ; London, England : The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2015.

Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988.

Geopolitics -- Middle East.

Geopolitics -- Persian Gulf Region.

9780674088634 (hardcover : alk. paper) :

0674088638 (hardcover : alk. paper)

xviii, 640 pages, 18 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations, maps ; 25 cm

Escalation -- Saddam's Qadisiyyah -- How Did It Come to This? -- Did the United States Push Saddam to Attack? -- France Sides with Iraq -- The Arabs Divided -- Israel Banks on Iran and Turkey Benefits from the War -- The "Valmy" Effect -- Stalemate -- The Initiative Changes Sides -- The Mullahs Take Power -- First Victories -- New Mediation -- The Iranians Recapture Their Territory -- Blessed Ramadan Offensive -- Bloody Dawns -- Saddam's Ace in the Hole -- The Lebanese Hostage Crisis -- Money Has No Smell -- Total War -- The Year of the Pilot -- Oil and the War Machine -- The Slaughter of the Child Soldiers -- Deadlock -- The Iran-Contra Affair -- All-Out Offensives -- Iran Changes Strategy -- The Gulf Set Ablaze -- The Halabja Massacre -- The Destruction of Iran Air Flight 655 -- Endgame.

520 From 1980 to 1988, Iran and Iraq fought the longest conventional war of the twentieth century. The tragedies included the slaughter of child soldiers, the use of chemical weapons, the striking of civilian shipping in the Gulf, and the destruction of cities. The IranIraq War offers an unflinching look at a conflict seared into the regions collective memory but little understood in the West. Pierre Razoux shows why this war remains central to understanding Middle Eastern geopolitics, from the deep-rooted distrust between Sunni and Shia Muslims, to Irans obsession with nuclear power, to the continuing struggles in Iraq. He provides invaluable keys to decipher Irans behavior and internal struggle today. Razouxs account is based on unpublished military archives, oral histories, and interviews, as well as audio recordings seized by the U.S. Army detailing Saddam Husseins debates with his generals. Tracing the wars shifting strategies and political dynamicsmilitary operations, the jockeying of opposition forces within each regime, the impact on oil production so essential to both countriesRazoux also looks at the international picture. From the United States and Soviet Union to Israel, Europe, China, and the Arab powers, many nations meddled in this conflict, supporting one side or the other and sometimes switching allegiances. The IranIraq War answers questions that have puzzled historians. Why did Saddam embark on this expensive, ultimately fruitless conflict? Why did the war last eight years when it could have ended in months? Who, if anyone, was the true winner when so much was lost? -- Provided by publisher.

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